พัฒนาการท่องเที่ยวเชิงวัฒนธรรมของกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์อย่างยั่งยืน

Abstract

The research titled “The development of the Cultural Tourism of Sustainable Ethin Goulp” was the quality research which collected the data by interviewing, observation, taking note and recording audio. The researcher had divided the issues into 3 topics which were 1) study the context, culture, traditions, lifestyles and beliefs of ethnic groups 2) study music and performance of ethnic groups and 3) study on the application of lifestyle, culture, traditions, beliefs, music and performance for cultural tourism. The results of the study of the context, culture, traditions, way of life and beliefs of ethnic groups were found that the Lahu or Muser Daeng ethnic groups in Mae Na subdistrict, Chiang Dao District Chiang Mai Province live in “Ban Pa-Lo” which are part of Mae Mae village. Most of the people are Buddhism and work in agriculture by growing tea and coffee and be homestay owners. As for the traditions that remain today, there are only two traditions: the “Kin Wo” and the “Kin Khao Mai”. The “Kin Wo” tradition is like a ceremony to celebrate the New Year. It is a ceremony to worship “Ton Wo” which is like the sacred object of the village. The “Kin Khao Mai” is tradition which as welcoming ceremony to a new agricultural season. The people take out the remaining old rice in the barn to cook and eat together, and then they prepare fields for a new round of farming. The results of the study of music and performance of the Lahu ethnic group, Ban Pa-Lo, found that the important and characteristic music instrument of the Lahu จ people was “Nor”, which was a kind of woodwind instrument. “Nor” made from the gourd in tusk shape. The pipe and the reed are made from bamboo, using the bee’s wax or the oakum to cover the seam to prevent the inside wind come out. “Nor” can give a total of 5 notes in comparison with the international notes C, D, E, E and G. The main melodies of the Lahu ethnic group are the “Malawang” melodies and the “Ja Kue” melodies. The “Malawang” is played in general which is not used in any ritual, but the “Ja Kue” is played in a ritual of “Kin Wo” to worship the “Ton Wo”. Both of “Malawang” and “Ja Kue” melody was classified in themes of a monologue format with has only one important melody. However, the performers may improvise melody in their own style. There is only 1 person who plays “Nor” in “Ban Pa-Lo”. The music player performs the song at the “Kin Wo” tradition only once a year. The results of the study of approaches to the application of lifestyles, cultures, traditions, beliefs, music and performance for cultural tourism were found that the music culture of the Lahu ethnic group in “Ban Pa-Lo” gradually faded over time. However, integrating music culture with tourism is one way to save it from being lost. The play of “Nor” in the melody of “Malawang” and “Ja Kue” represents a happy and funny moment of the Lahu ethnic group that have been passed down from generation to generation. Thus, playing “Nor” applied with various instruments such as Lanna music can create a unique identity of the community and represents a close relationship between indigenous people and ethnic groups that live with each other which is a part of attracting tourists and also helping to increase the income of the musicians. This requires a group of people to practice playing musical instruments by scheduling a relaxed and organized rehearsal session to attract interested people, both young and adult, to join the group and practice. It is the continuation of the musical culture which is the legacy of the previous generation that has been passed down. In addition to conservation, the benefit of generating additional income from playing music in promoting cultural tourism is one of the motivations for the villagers of “Ban Pa-Lo” and “Ban Mae Mae” to turn their attentionand learn to play music helping the music culture to remain local for a long time