โครงการวิจัยเชิงปฏิบัติการ การบริหารจัดการแบบมีส่วนร่วม เพื่อพัฒนาวิสาหกิจชุมชน ด้วยการจัดการความรู้ ในการผลิตลำไยสีทองอบแห้งของกลุ่มเกษตรกรบ้านเหมืองกวัก ต.มะเขือแจ้ อ.เมือง จังหวัดลำพูน

Abstract

This research studied the participation action research to develop community enterprises with knowledge management for dried Gold-Longan at Baan Muang-queak, T. Ma-kae-jae Lampoon Province. The objectives of this research were to study group management, job analysis and workflow in order to reduce performing capital. This Participation Action Research held stage performing, interview group, knowledge giving, mind mapping and survey. Then the researcher used SPSS program to analyses and evaluate the quantitative data. Besides, qualitative data are analyzed and descried to show the linkages of each point which can be concluded by the objectives of the study. The management system of Baan Muang-queak’s agriculturist group showed that they are still not understood and realize of group joining. The group was about to set up in order mainly to borrow money. Causing the group activity was not what expected. However, in the past the agriculturist group of Baan Muang-queak divided into a group of two activities which are the saving group and the community enterprise group. The Selling part, the group was not joining together and helps each other to sell the product. From those weak points, the bargaining power was slightly low as the group still lacked of understanding about market system and they emphasized only to sell the product mainly to middleman (78.6%). The packaging was also only one-sized (5 Kgs) and didn’t have brand. The production part showed that the group wanted to produce in large quantities within the limited time (from July to August) since the fresh longans was in good quality during that time. For Financial issue, the group faced with the problem of cash flow (57.4%). With this obstacle, the group was about to make quick selling of dried longans. And if the group couldn’t sell dried longans right after drier process, they wouldn’t have cash to buy other fresh longans for next round drier. In the view of Job Analysis for group operation, the researcher supported the activities in order to understand group combining, plan writing and problems of group operation together with the writing of job description for strengthening the group operation. Group Relationship Activities were held for aiding the group to understand group forming and realize the importance of combination. Therefore, they can help each other as well as raise the quality of livelihood up. The activities were divided into 10 activities which are Behavioral Dissolution, Ball Transporting, Blew up Shell, Number Ringing, Powder Painting, Proverb Activity, Throwing the ring into bottle, Jigsaw Puzzling, Royal Cake and Bird & Boat Making. From these activities, the agriculturists understood and appreciated of assembly, they were more helpful to each other. The researcher used self-evaluated before and after the assembly and it showed that the participating agriculturists realized more on the importance of group combining. The tendency of behavioral changing improved in the way that the participation of group and the support of each other raised from the mean of 4.07 to 4.79. The expected of participation in all activities raised from the mean of 4.19 to 4.72. The creation of trustworthiness within the group raised from 3.69 to 4.45. The wish of group participation and disclose lifestyle raised from 3.86 to 4.21. The operation followed by one’s clearly goal within the group raised from 4.04 to 4.21. Finally, the understanding of group management showed that most of the participants were well understood about group combining from 85% of questionnaires. The problems of group operation from writing Mind Map barred that the first three significant problems of dried longan were low-valued selling, rising of cost and dried longan itself which couldn’t dry throughout the year. The first problems of powerless group were leadership, means of management and individual differentiation (member). The groups were about to help setting the group’s goals and it should the first three substantial goals were the increased of value, reduction cost and increase in bargaining power. For management within the group, the discussion was done to conclude into job description which composed of five positions as followed President, Vice President, Treasurer, Secretary and Public Relations. The study of workflow from exploring its procedure can be divided into three main steps which are Step 1 The period before drying the longans consisted of removing the seeds, cleaning and arranging longans in order to bring to oven. Time spending during this step was roughly around 25 minutes per 10 Kgs. Step 2 the period of drying longans involved with ordering longans into oven, monitoring the dryness of longans during the period of drying, temperature controlling and moving out the longans. Time using for this period was the longest time which was around 10 hours (the quickest of 8 hours and the longest of 16 hours). Step 3 The period after drying longans composed of screening longans, removing longans from the threshing baskets, dry out longans or drying again (spent roughly 3-5 hours) and packaging (used 2 minutes per 40 kgs containing). The suggestions for improving the production were mainly emphasized in 3 parts. Firstly, the cleanliness of the production process especially after drying longans. Secondly, management part was about to enhance the controlling and clearly sharing the work. Lastly, the production was to improve layout and setout the motion of workers to be more correct.